Illumina’s New DNA Sequencing Device Can Read the Human Genome for Less Than $200

San Diego-based Illumina announced new DNA sequencing equipment this week that can map the entire human genome for less than $200. It is an important step towards making genetic data more accessible to patients.

But some companies are hoping to dethrone the market leader and offer cheaper alternatives. These startups share several goals, including accuracy, speed, cost and flexibility.

1. This is smaller

San Diego-based Illumina, which dominates the DNA sequencing market with 80% global market share, is launching new equipment that can produce more than 20,000 whole genomes a year, putting it 2.5 times ahead of its previous sequencers. The large-scale throughput will make the system more cost-effective for customers, Chief Commercial Officer Susan Tousi said in an interview on September 29 with Reuters.

The new machine, which is smaller than a cubic foot, uses Illumina’s “sequencing by synthesis” technology (SBS) technology to decipher single DNA strands. In this method, DNA molecules and adapters are attached and amplified in the flow glass cell, which contains nanowells to space out the fragments and avoid overcrowding.

In a flow cell, the DNA polymerase enzyme cuts in the nucleotides that complete the template DNA strands one by one. The added nucleotides glow and can be seen by a camera, so researchers can track the location of each base.

2. It’s faster

San Diego-based Illumina’s new DNA sequencing device can read the human genome for $200, bringing the company within reach of its goal of reading it for $100. It’s two-thirds faster than the company’s current technology, Chief Executive Officer Francis deSouza said on Tuesday’s earnings call.

The company’s sequencers use a technique called bridge amplification to break DNA into small fragments of about 200 to 600 base pairs, and then attach short strands called adapters to them. The strand is then placed in a glass flow cell, which contains nanowells that allow DNA polymerase to add only one nucleotide at a time.

After the amplification process, DNA fragments are washed out of the flow cell to remove non-incorporated fragments. The pieces are then sequenced by a computer, reassembling them into single-stranded DNA molecules. This method produces millions of highly accurate readings, making it cheaper than other methods.

3. It’s cheaper

Getting a human genome sequenced was an expensive undertaking at the beginning of the century, but since then it has come down dramatically. Today, high-throughput sequencers from Illumina can produce up to 20,000 whole genomes per year for just $1 million.

It is a big problem for scientists and doctors working on diseases, cancer studies or other projects. It’s also good news for the environment because Illumina’s new equipment will reduce waste by 90 percent and use 50 percent less plastic.

Additionally, Illumina’s new sequencers rely on the company’s XLEAP-SBS chemistry, which the company claims is twice as fast and three times more accurate than previous offerings.

But there are many other technologies competing for a piece of the sequencing pie. Some, such as Thermo Fisher’s hydrogen-ion reader and Pacific Biosciences’ real-time single molecule sequencing (SMRT), are aimed at smaller markets with more specific requirements. Others, including benchtop systems from Singular Genomics and Element Biosciences, are geared toward research applications where researchers need to analyze only one or a few samples at a time.

4. It is more flexible

DNA sequencing is a key technology in many fields from molecular biology to virology and human evolution. It has led to genetically targeted medicine, blood tests that can detect cancer early and diagnose rare diseases.

Most sequencers decipher short fragments of DNA called ‘short reads’, which typically run from 100 to 200 bases in length. But several companies, including Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies in the UK, have been working on “long reads” that span thousands of nucleotides.

This can make it easier to identify mutations in single strands of DNA or to map the genome from start to finish. It also helps scientists to study the effects of gene expression in a single cell or to determine how genes work in a particular tissue, said Michael Snyder, a systems biologist at Stanford University.

Illumina’s newest sequencers, the NovaSeq X and NovaSeq X Plus, use new flow cells that can accommodate higher reaction densities and a retooled version of ‘sequencing by synthesis’ (SBS) chemistry. It is claimed that the latest chemistry, replaced by XLEAP-SBS, improves the quality by three times.

What is Illumina new sequencing technology?

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a massively parallel sequencing technology that offers ultra-high throughput, scalability, and speed. This technology is used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in the entire genome or targeted regions of DNA or RNA.

What is Illumina NGS sequencing? What is NGS? Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a massively parallel sequencing technology that offers ultra-high throughput, scalability, and speed. This technology is used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in the entire genome or targeted regions of DNA or RNA.

How does NGS sequencing work?

How NGS Works. The basic next-generation sequencing process involves dividing the DNA/RNA into pieces, adding adapters, sequencing the library, and rearranging them to form a genomic sequence. In principle, the concept is similar to capillary electrophoresis.

How is next-generation sequencing different from traditional sequencing?

A critical difference between Sanger sequencing and NGS is sequencing volume. While the Sanger method only sequences one DNA fragment at a time, NGS is massively parallel, sequencing millions of fragments simultaneously per run. This process translates into the order of hundreds to thousands of genes at a time.

What is the first step in NGS workflow?

Step 1 in the NGS Workflow: Library Preparation This step prepares the DNA or RNA sample for matching with the sequencer. Sequencing libraries are typically made by fragmenting DNA and adding specific adapters to both ends.

What exactly does Illumina do?

Illumina is a developer, manufacturer, and marketer of life science tools and integrated systems for large-scale analysis of genetic variation and function.

What services does Illumina?

Illumina Proactive Instrument Service Performance

• AmpliSeq for Illumina.
• Illumina COVIDSeq test.
• COVIDSeq test (96 samples)
• Illumina DNA Prep.
• Illumina RNA Prep with Enrichment.
• NextSeq 1000 & 2000 Sequencing Systems.
• TruSight Oncology Product Family.

How does Illumina make money?

Overview of Illumina’s Business. Most of the company’s revenue does not come from vending machines but from the sale of consumer goods. Think of it as an inkjet printer business model. You sell the machine at a relatively low cost, but then make money for years selling consumables.

What is Illumina sequencing technology?

Illumina’s sequencing technology utilizes clonal array formation and proprietary reversible terminator technology for rapid and accurate large-scale sequencing. Innovative and flexible sequencing systems enable a wide range of applications in genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics.

What are the steps in Illumina sequencing?

The next generation sequencing workflow contains three basic steps: library preparation, sequencing, and data analysis.

What is the difference between Illumina and Sanger sequencing?

Illumina technology is based on the same principles as Sanger sequencing. As in Sanger, dye-labeled nucleotides are added by DNA polymerase, and the colors are used to read the sequence. But unlike Sanger Sequencing, the NGS method can sequence the entire DNA genome in one experiment.

Does Illumina use Crispr?

.

What are the new Illumina instruments?

Illumina’s new sequencing series includes a pair of new instrumentsâ NovaSeq X and NovaSeq X Plus. The difference? The NovaSeq X uses a single flow cell versus a dual flow cell in the NovaSeq X plus. The two flow cells, however, do not operate independently.

What is Illumina’s new product? Illumina Announces Revolutionary NovaSeq X Series to Quickly Accelerate Genome Discovery and Improve Human Health. SAN DIEGO, Sept. 29, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — Illumina, Inc.

What is the difference between Illumina MiSeq and NextSeq?

Discard from sequencing the whole genome, the price seems to be the same for both instruments. The advantage of Miseq is that it can get 2×300 READS while NextSeq is 150bp. However, NextSeq uses a new die system for flow cells that can generate more data for specific targets.

What is the difference between MiSeq and NextSeq?

The NextSeq 550 also has the ability to scan microarrays including the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip and other BeadChips. MiSeq is a smaller scale sequencer that provides an ideal platform for rapid turnaround.

Is Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing?

MiSeq, Illumina’s integrated next-generation sequencing device, uses reversible-terminator sequence-by-synthesis technology to provide an end-to-end sequencing solution.

What is the difference between Illumina NextSeq and HiSeq?

The main technical difference between HiSeq and NextSeq is the number of dyes each machine uses. HiSeq uses traditional color coding with four different dyes, while NextSeq uses two dyes.

What is the difference between Illumina MiSeq and Illumina HiSeq?

The HiSeq and MiSeq platforms are the most widely used platforms for studying microbial communities. But the two platforms differ in the length and number of readings. The MiSeq can run 600 cycles to generate 200 million 300-bp reads, on the other hand, the HiSeq 2500 can run 500 cycles to generate 120 million 250 bp reads.

What is Illumina NextSeq?

The NextSeq 550 system combines tried-and-true instrument technology with customizable output and sequencing and array capabilities. Users can run transcriptome, targeted resequencing, genotyping, and other applications all on one platform.

What is the difference between Illumina sequencing and Sanger sequencing?

Illumina technology is based on the same principles as Sanger sequencing. As in Sanger, dye-labeled nucleotides are added by DNA polymerase, and the colors are used to read the sequence. But unlike Sanger Sequencing, the NGS method can sequence the entire DNA genome in one experiment.

Why is Sanger sequencing no longer used? Sanger sequencing improved over the years, largely due to automation, and became the basis for sequencing the first human genome in 2000. In less than two decades, however, NGS has overtaken Sanger sequencing due to its high throughput, parallel operations, and far lower cost per base lower.

Why is Illumina sequencing better?

Illumina sequencing enables a wide range of applications, allowing researchers to ask almost any question related to the genome, transcriptome, or epigenome of any organism. The next generation sequencing method (NGS) differs mainly in the way of preparing DNA or RNA samples and the choice of data analysis used.

What is the most accurate sequencing method?

With an accuracy of over 99%, the Sanger sequencing method remains the âgold standardâ for basic and clinical research applications. In fact, most clinical laboratories rely on Sanger sequencing to validate gene variants (eg, single-nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions) that are first identified through NGS.

Why is Illumina so accurate?

The DNA sequence is analyzed base-by-base during Illumina sequencing, making the method highly accurate. The generated sequence can then be Blocked to the reference sequence, this is looking for matches or changes in the sequenced DNA.

What is the advantage of Sanger sequencing?

Advantages and limitations of Sanger sequencing More flexible to test for specific family variants than NGS. Cost effective where a single sample must be tested very urgently, so it cannot be batched up (for example, in prenatal testing, or parental carrier testing during pregnancy).

What are the advantages of Sanger sequencing?

Sanger sequencing is a fast and effective way to read the sequence of small targeted regions of the genome….Advantages

• Gold standard method for accurate detection of single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions.
• More flexible to test for specific family variants than NGS.

What are the limitations of Sanger sequence?

Typically, the most important limitations of the approach are low quality sequencing in the first 15â40 bp due to primer binding, and the inability to distinguish single base pair differences in longer segments (eg, >900 bp).

What are the disadvantages of Illumina sequencing?

Disadvantages of illumina sequencing One of the main disadvantages of the Illumina / Solexa platform is the high requirement for sample load control because overloading can lead to overlapping clusters and poor sequence quality that causes the overall error rate of this sequencing technology to be around 1% [22]. , 23].

What is the disadvantage of sequencing?

Posted June 24, 2022. The biggest disadvantage of whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of generating data on a large scale. The vast volume of data generated requires additional storage capacity and more time for analysis. This increases the cost and time required for analysis.

What is the error rate of Illumina sequencing?

For example, the Illumina sequencing machine produces errors at a rate of â¼0.1â1 × 10â2 per base sequenced. This technology typically generates billions of base calls per trial, translating into millions of errors.

What can Illumina sequencing be used for?

Sequencing can be used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in small targeted genomic regions or the entire genome. Illumina sequencing enables a wide range of applications, allowing researchers to ask almost any question related to the genome, transcriptome, or epigenome of any organism.

What is the purpose of Illumina? Illumina Mission Our mission statement: To improve human health by unlocking the power of the genome.

What is the advantage of Illumina next-generation sequencing?

With the ability to sequence multiple genes in multiple samples simultaneously, targeted NGS methods save time and resources compared to traditional iterative methods. NGS also provides a higher power of discovery, enabling the detection of novel variants.

What are the advantages of the next-generation and third generation DNA sequencing techniques?

A major advantage for third-generation sequencing technologies in metagenomics is their sequencing speed compared to second-generation techniques. Speed ​​​​of sequencing is important for example in a clinical setting (ie identification of pathogens), to allow for efficient diagnosis and timely clinical actions.

What are the advantages of Illumina sequencing?

Illumina sequencing enables a wide range of applications, allowing researchers to ask almost any question related to the genome, transcriptome, or epigenome of any organism. The next generation sequencing method (NGS) differs mainly in the way of preparing DNA or RNA samples and the choice of data analysis used.

Can Illumina sequence a whole genome?

The platform can process data for the entire human genome at 30× coverage in about 25 minutes.

Can I sequence my whole genome?

Whole genome sequencing is available to anyone.

Can NGS sequence the whole genome?

Next-generation sequencing (NGS), massively parallel or deep sequencing are related terms that describe the DNA sequencing technology that has revolutionized genomics research. Using NGS the entire human genome can be sequenced in one day.

What exactly does Illumina do?

Illumina is a developer, manufacturer, and marketer of life science tools and integrated systems for large-scale analysis of genetic variation and function.

What are the benefits of Illumina? Maintain wellness inside and outside

• Comprehensive HMO and PPO medical plans.
• Dental and vision plans.
• Flexible spending account.
• Health savings account.
• Employee assistance program.
• Health program.
• Employee sequencing program.

How does Illumina make money?

Overview of Illumina’s Business. Most of the company’s revenue does not come from vending machines but from the sale of consumer goods. Think of it as an inkjet printer business model. You sell the machine at a relatively low cost, but then make money for years selling consumables.

Why is Illumina stock falling?

Legal issues surrounding the acquisition of Grail â a cancer blood test developer â have weighed on ILMN stock over the past year. This fall of 38% for ILMN shares since the end of 2019 can mainly be attributed to 1. The company’s P / S ratio falls 50% to 6.8x trailing revenues now, vs 13.7x in 2019, 2.

Is Illumina profitable?

Illumina’s annual net income for 2022 is $-4.404B, a decrease of 677.95% from 2021. Illumina’s annual net income for 2021 is $0.762B, an increase of 16.16% from 2020. Illumina’s annual net income for 2020 is $0.656B, a decrease of 3%. from 2019.

Sources :

• sandiegouniontribune.com